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In London Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah
met Queen Victoria who honoured and conferred the title of K.C.I.E.
(Knight Commander of the Indian Empire) in recognition of the valuable
services to the State during the riots, famine and plague in India. At
a dinner at Windsor Castle, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was seated at the
right of the Royal Queen.
Queen Victoria received Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah graciously at Windsor Castle and sat him beside her in
the seat reserved for the highest religious head in the country. This signal
honour occasioned great surprise, as no foreigner had been shown so
much respect before, and was given wide publicity in all the great
cities of Europe. He answered many questions about the famine and plague
in India and was given a respectful hearing by a distinguished company.
At Devonshire House and Landsdowne
House, lavish parties were given in his honour. "He wore pince-nez
and twirled a neat black moustache which gave him an appearance
more academic than military, but there was a sparkle in his conversation
that titillated a London influenced by Wilde and Beardsley: remarks one
of His Royal Highness's biographers
Spring 1898 - Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah's horse Jeddah, won the Epsom Derby (100 to 1 odds) - the first
win for the colours of the Aga Khan.
He also met King Edward at this race who conferred Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah with membership of the exclusive Marlborough Club.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah first
visit to Africa. Sultan of Zanzibar awarded him the title of
"Brilliant Star of Zanzibar".
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah also met
Shah of Persia who bestowed on him the title of "Shamsul Humayun"- "Star
of Persia"
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was awarded
the title of "Star of Turkey" by the Turkish Government.
April 4 - 19, 1900 Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Jamnagar, India.
November 1900 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah during his travels to Europe, also met with Emperor Kaiser
Wilhelm and during one of the meetings with the Emperor, Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah was able to persuade an important demand of the Indian, mainly
Ismaili settlers in the German East Africa to be permitted to grow rice
along the fertile banks of the Rufiji River. Furthermore, the Kaiser also
agreed to raise the social status of the Indians and remove some small
petty annoyances
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah visited Burma
for the first time.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was also
accorded the title of Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
(G.C.I.E)
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah presided
over the Muslim Educational Conference at Delhi. In his Presidential
speech, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah called for the establishment of Aligarh
University and he himself donated Rs. 35,000.00
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah gave a Presidential
Address to the All India Mohammadan Educational Conference
in Delhi. He spoke about the advantages which the Muslims of India possess,
and the necessity of schools to teach the youth, both male and female
the Faith and modern secular science.
March 25, 1903: Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave a Budget
Speech in the Council of the Governor General in Calcutta.
During the speech, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah mentioned the burden created
by the salt tax, income tax exemption and the vast majority of Indian children
not receiving elementary education.
October 1903 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Surat, Ahmedabad, Siddhpur, Vadvann
Camp, Rajkot, Gondal between the 12th and 31st of October.
November 1903 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Manjevdi, Jamnagar, Cutcch Mundra,
Cutcch Bhadressar and Cutcch Nagalpur between the 1st and 29th of November.
December 1903 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Cutcch Kera on the 1st and 2nd
of December.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah also gave
a speech at the Muslim Educational Conference in Bombay.
After welcoming the delegates, he mentioned the significance of the conference
and among other topics, he also mentioned the pessimism in the Muslim
world.
April 3-5 1905 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Gwadar, India.
August - November 1905 - Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah visited the Jamats of Zanzibar, Nairobi and Mombasa
between August 15 and November 12, 1905.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah wrote
an influential
Review which was published in the September issue of the journal
"The Nineteenth Century and After" in London.
Simla, October 1, 1906 - Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah read
out the memorial "A Bill of Muslim Rights" as he headed the
first Muslim deputation to Viceroy Lord Minto. This address was prepared
by Bilgrami which when read by Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah proved to have
the most impact as it brought out the constitutional and political changes
necessary for the establishment of the All India Muslim League.
December 1906 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited San Francisco, California from whence he traveled
across the United States of America by train.
In New York, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah stayed at the St. Regis where Prince Sadrudin also stayed in later years as an under-graduate at Harvard University.
In Washington, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was received by President Theodore Roosevelt, with whom many economical and political topics were discussed, one of the discussion was on the problems of the Muslim population in the Philippines.
February 1907, when Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah was travelling on board ship in the Yellow Sea he wrote
an article for the Journal "National Review" which was at the time
edited by I.J.Maxse.
In this article, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah mentioned how the concept of "Changeless East" was misleading; the discontentment of the masses in India, the Indian press, Berlin-Baghdad railway, the Russian railway, the awakening of China and many other political and economical topics.
December 28, 1907 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Jamat of Mumbai, India.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah married
Princess
Theresa Magliano, mother of Prince Aly Khan, in Cairo.
February 8, 1908 - Haji Bibi,
widow of Aga Muchulshah, sister-in-law of Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah laid
a claim on the Aga Khan's wealth in the "Haji
Bibi Case" . Mr. Justice Russell give his memorable judgement in
Imam's favour in the Bombay High Court on September 3, 1908
August 12, 1908, Poona - The first
meeting of the Deccan
League was held in Poona wherein all the delegates of the important
districts and provinces were present. Mawlawi Rafiuddin Ahmad was the Chairman,
and at the end of the session he mentioned that Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah had accepted the offer of "permanent Presidentship of the
League."
Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah visited Florence Nightingale in London,
England. This eminent British woman was at the time a complete invalid
and confined to a sofa in her Park Lane home.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah's first
son, Mehdi, was born to Princess Theresa Magliano. His life was very
brief and Prince Mehdi passed away in February
1911.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah gave
an interview which was published in "The Times"(London) on February
15 and in "The Civil and Military Gazette", Lahore (March 14).
During this interview, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah talked about the problem of the minorities in India, how the differences between Muslims and Hindus must be recognized, how the two communities must be equally represented politically and socially, and how Hindus cannot speak for the whole of India.
February 23, 1909 - The London
Muslim League gave a luncheon to meet with Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah
who unfortunately due to bad health could not attend. Instead, Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah sent
a letter stating his views.
"The Times," London, June 24, 1909 printed the speech that Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah had given at the First Annual General Meeting of the London Muslim League. In this speech, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah mentioned the numerical strength of the Muslim population in India, their welfare and progress as seen in the entire Islamic world, the Muslim loyalty to Britain and the Muslim demand for equal constitutional privileges as those being granted to the Indians and other such related topics.
On November 15, 1909, "The Times"
- London, published a telegram sent by Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah
endorsing the reforms as stipulated by Lord Morley-Minto.
On November 16, 1909 Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah sent a detailed letter to
"The Times" - London for the confirmation of the brief telegram sent
on the previous day. In this letter, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah talked
about how the regulations under the Indian Councils Act were not ideal,
but the Muslims would respect and accept them.
"The National Review" - London, in
its December 1909 issue, published an
article that Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah wrote.
January 10, 1910 - A report was
presented to Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah on behalf of the Anjuman-e-Islam,
in Bombay. He presided over the Annual session of the Muslim where both
Sunni and Shia sects presented an
address to Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah and referred to him as their
leader.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah replied by saying he was very proud indeed, to be given such an honour. In his reply address, He talked about the duties of a true leader, the difficulties faced by Muslim leadership, the inter-relationships between the Hindus and the Muslims not only in India but in other parts of the world, the need for stability, the importance of education and other important topics.
January 25, 1910 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah was the guest of honour at the MOA College where a
garden party was given in his honour and he was made a Life Member of
the Club.
In reply to the welcome address from the Trustees, Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah talked about the objectives and the goals for the Aligarh College, the acknowledgment of the financial contribution from the Princes and Nawabs to the College, the definition of a good Muslim, the European example of self-sacrifice, the question of quantity and quality and other important issues. He also raised his annual grant to Rs.10,000. The speech was also printed in the "The Times of India" - Bombay, on January 27, 1910.
January 29, 1910 -Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave the inaugural Address to the All India Muslim League
Third Annual Session in Delhi.
In his address, he mentioned the formation of the Muslim League, a separate representation of Muslims in all levels, co-operation and unity between both the Muslims and the Hindus to meet the challenges of education, agriculture, commerce and industry and above all, to stand united in the struggle for equality for the Indians in South Africa and other important related issues.
February 20, 1910 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah visited the Rajkot Jamat.
May 1910 - Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah gave an interview with the Reuters Agency in London and paid
a glowing tribute to King George V and Queen Mary.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah had come to London to attend the funeral of King Edward VIII. The interview was also published in "The Civil and Military Gazette, - Lahore" June 3, 1910.
December 23, 1910 Interview
with "The Times of India" which was printed in "The civil and Military
Gazette", Lahore on December 25, 1910. Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah
talked about the importance of the unity between Hindus and Muslims and
the ways of maintaining this harmony, the forthcoming visit of the King
to India, the mosque in London, and an opportunity of creating a Muslim
University.
January 1911 - London. Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah wrote
an article paying tribute to Lord and Lady Minto - their achievements
and some omissions, such as the implementation of a Cadet Corps, and he
also talked about issues relating to the Muslim rights and interests, reasons
for reforms and relations with Afghanistan.
June 13, 1911 - Birth of Prince
Aly Soloman Khan at Turin, Italy. July 3, 1911
A lecture was given by Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah called, "Muslims of the British Empire." It was printed
in "The Times Of India", Bombay, 22 July, 1911. A brief report was
carried by "The Time", London, 4 July 1911.
The lecture was delivered under the auspices of the Council of the Festival of Empire at the Crystal Palace Theatre, London. Lord Avebury was to preside but he could not come and his place was taken by Lord Middleton. Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah spoke about the numerical strength of Muslims in India, their ties with the British Crown and the Role of the Aligarh University in India. ([1] 355)
July 1911 - Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah wrote an article for the ‘National Review' (pp.779- 792) called
"India's Education and Her Future Position in the Empire." The article
spoke about the potential for India's present development, and its potential
as a pillar of The Empire. ([1] 364)
July 1911 - Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah wrote an article in ‘National Review' on the potent power of
India. He wrote, "Educate, educate, educate. Look for a passing
moment at the question of manpower. India could put troops into South Africa
as quickly as they could be sent from England, she could land soldiers
in Australia long before England could do so and forces from India could
reach western Canada..."
December 4 1911 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave an inaugural speech
at the All India Muhammedan Educational Conferences, printed in
"The Times of India", Bombay, 5 December 1911 and "The Civil and
Military Gazette", Lahore, 6 December 1911.
17 December 1911 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah made a statement on the Repeal of the Partition of Bengal.
"Transfer of the Capital to Delhi" was printed in "The Times", London,
18 December 1911. ([1] 384)
1911 - Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah organised the collection of Rs. 3,000,000 for Aligarh University.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was awarded
the title of G.C.S.I - Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star
of India. This investiture was held in Delhi and attended by British
royalty, was the highest possible decoration that could be bestowed upon
any Indian subject.
In recognition of the services during
World War I, King George granted Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah a salute
of eleven guns and the status of a Ruling Prince for Life.
In autumn Mowlana Sultan Mohamed
Shah visited Tsar Nicholas II of Russia who was the cousin of King George
V.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah also called
a Hindu-Muslim Unity Conference at Allahabad.
February 10, 1912 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah made a statement on The Annulment of The Partition of Bengal
called, "The Repeal of the Partition of Bengal." Source: "Comrade"
However, the date on which the Aga Khan issued this statement is not confirmed.
The origin of this statement has not yet been discovered -- was it issued
to the press from where "Comrade" picked it up and reprinted, or was it
sent especially to Mohammed Ali's journal? The statement described the
changes that would affect Islam's destiny in India and the hope that Muslims
would not be at a loss due to these changes. ([1] 386)
March 4, 1912 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah made the speech, "Education for National Regeneration" at
the Madrasash-i-Anjuman-i-Islam, Bombay. The speech was also printed
in "The Times of India", Bombay, 5 March 1912. "Emphasizing how
necessary education - and united action in education - is, his Highness
pointed to the progress of Japan which he said had no great reformer, but
was a nation of Bismarcks." ([1] 393)
March 8, 1912 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave an interview about
the need for a Muslim University, with "The Times of India", Bombay.
December 1912 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah sent a cablegram to the
Rajah of Mahmudabad, appealing the Indian Muslims to help the refugees
of the Balkan War. It was printed in "The Times of India", Bombay,
9 December 1912.
February 13, 1913 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah wrote an article printed
in "The Times of India", Bombay, 14 February 1913, and a brief summary
was also printed in "The Times", London.
February 23, 1913 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave a speech at a Function in Honour of the Deputation of
the Hindu University on the necessity of having Hindu Universities in
India. He gave reminder of his own suggestion for two Hindu universities
twelve years ago, a room for movement of intellectual variety. He said
that he hoped that new universities would be able to produce eminent literary
men. It would enable them to develop every side of men, intellectual, spiritual
and religious and turn out more tolerant and loving Indians, anxious to
sacrifice their lives for the good of their fellow citizens. ([1]
410) The speech was published in "the Times of India", Bombay, 24 February
1913.
March 3, 1913 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave evidence before the Royal Commission on the Public Services
in India. He spoke of his views on the Indian Civil Service, bringing Sanskrit
and Arabic on the same level as Greek and Latin, encouraging Persian
literature, Indian administration and Indian history and the advantages
of teaching Englishmen oriental culture, among other such topics.
([1] 416)
July 14, 1913 - London: Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah gave a speech
at the 5th Annual Meeting of the London Muslim League. He spoke
of the Indian Muslim youth in England, relations between Turkey and Britain,
Muslim solidarity, the importance of education, relations between different
races in India, potential influence of sports and the leaders of the future.
On 31 October 1913, "The Times"
had announced that Sayyid Ammer Ali was retiring from the Presidentship
of the London Branch of All India Muslim League.
November 2, 1913 - Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah sent a letter
to Sayyid Ammer Ali, announcing his resignation from the All India Muslim
League Presidentship.
December 10, 1913 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave a speech at a meeting
held to protest against the treatment of Indians in South Africa.
It was published in "the Times of India", Bombay, 17 December 1913.
1914 January - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah wrote an article "The
Indian Muslim Outlook" which was published in the "The Edinburgh Review"
- Edinburgh, London January 1914.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah attended
the Muslim League Conference at Lahore and was received with a rousing
welcome.
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah visited
Burma and advised his followers on social and cultural assimilation
with the Burmese and to adopt Burmese names, customs and habits.
February 6, 1914 (Friday) - Morning:
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah, on board the Arankola, arrived
in Rangoon in the morning with his personal staff; Mr. Allibhoy
Mohammad. He was met at the port with Reception Committee and the dignitaries
of both the Ismaili Communities as well as Government dignitaries, and
Muslim elders.
February 6, 1914 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah was present at a reception where he gave a reply
to an address of Welcome by the Muslim Community of Burma. This
address was printed in "The Rangoon Gazette," on February 9, 1914.
February 13, 1914 -Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah was given a grand reception by the leaders of the Indian
communities residing in Burma at the Jubilee Hall at approximately
5 p.m. The Honourable U. Hpay was voted to the chair, and he started the
proceedings. The address of welcome
was read by U. May Oung (which was later printed in the "The Rangoon Gazette,"
on February 16). The address was then enclosed in a silver casket
surmounted by a golden peacock and was then presented to Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah.
October 1, 1914 London, a meeting
of the Indian Volunteers Committee was held at the Polytechnic,
Regent Street. Mr. M.K. Gandhi, the Chairman of the Committee in his opening
remarks, announced that Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah had just handed him
a cheque for 200 pounds to be used for providing extra comfort for the
corps at the front.
November 2, 1914 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah sent a message to the Indian Muslims on Turkish entry
into the War. It was printed in "the Times", London, 4 November 1914.
"Thousands of Muslims are fighting for their sovereigns already
and all men must see that Turkey has not gone to war for the cause of Islam
or for the defence of her independence. Thus our only duty as Muslims,
now, is to remain loyal, faithful, and obedient to our temporal and secular
allegiance." ([1] 510)
1915 December 8, 1915 - Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah gave a speech at a meeting held in memory of Sir
Pherozeshah Mehta in London. Source: "the Times of India",
April 1916 - The King-Emperor
of Britain bestowed the rank of a First Class Prince of the Bombay Presidency
together with a salute of 11 guns on Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah.
Two assassination attempts by
Germans were made on Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah's life. A bomb was thrown
at him in Lucerne, Switzerland and his coffee was also poisoned. However
the bomb failed to go off and Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah never drank the
coffee.
July 17, 1917 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah wrote a letter to "the Times", London, in defence of
Lord Hardinge, printed on 23 July 1917. He spoke of the Indian admiration
for Lord Hardinge, the attacks made on him by the press, the role of Indian
soldiers in World War I and Lord Hardinge's resignation. ([1] 522)
August 12, 1917 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah sent a letter to "the Times", London, with regards to Gokhale's
last political testament, printed on 15 August 1917. He made tribute
to G.K. Gokhale and his political ideas. ([1] 525)
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah wrote
"India in Transition" and dedicated the book in the loving memory of
Lady Aly Shah. Hindu leader Lokmania Tilak called this book "The Gita
of our times" . Extract
Mowlana Sultan Mohamed Shah was also
awarded with the degree of LL.D by the Oxford University.
March 7, 1919 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah delivered a speech at
a banquet hosted in honour of Lord Sinha in London, where he made tribute
to E.S. Montagu and Lord Sinha.
June 3, 1919 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah and Sayyid Ameer Ali sent a letter to "the Times", London,
regarding the post-war future of Turkey, printed on 6 June 1919.
"At this critical moment, we regarded duty as citizens of the British
Empire to plead once more for a considerate hearing at the Peace Conference
of the Mussalman case on behalf of Turkey." ([1] 633)
August 8, 1919 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah sent another letter to "the Times", London, with regards to
the suffrage of Indian women. The article, printed on 11 August
1919, described the attitude of the Southborough Report on the question
of women's suffrage. It disagrees with Lord Southborough's opinion in that
the great majority of Indian women of the well-to-do classes are not in
seclusion. ([1] 645)
October 10, 1919 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah gave evidence before the
joint select committee on the Government of India Bill. He spoke of the
making of the 1919 reforms.
December 12, 1919 - London: Mowlana
Sultan Mohamed Shah delivered a memorial to
the Prime Minister of England on behalf of His Majesty's Muslim
Subjects, where he spoke of the dimensions of the Turkish problem.
December 19, 1919 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah delivered a speech at
a dinner in honour of E.S. Montagu, in London at the Savoy Hotel, to celebrate
the passing of the Governemnt of India Bill in appreciation of E.S.
Montagu's services to India.
Due to the efforts of Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah, Aligarh College was upgraded to the status of University.
November 5, 1920 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah wrote a special article, headlined "British Policy in the
East: The Aga Khan's Protest: What Indians are Thinking: A Reasoned
Warning" for "The Times", London.
November 6, 1920 - Mowlana Sultan
Mohamed Shah wrote an article for "the Times", London, 6 November 1920.
It described the British Policy in the East. He wrote of the conditions
under which Bolshevism would flourish in India, restoring to the Indian
army the primary task of defending India, he made comparisons between Egypt
and Mesopotamia among other such topics. ([1] 698)