Transcription Rules

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

D has 3 different sounds:

1. D as in DANDIA or as D in DAHYO = wise. This is printed in upper case.

2. d as in dILL = heart, or as in dUNIA= world. This sound is produced by the tongue touching tipper teeth. This is printed in lower case.

3.(D) as in BA(D)KO = children, or as in AGA(D) = in front. This sound is produced by pulling the tongue back and dangling in the mouth.

N has 3 different sounds:

1.N as in NOOR = Divine Light or as in NABI = Prophet. In upper case.

2.n as in KAHAn = where, or as in KARUnGA = I will do it. This is a

humming sound produced with the help of the nose. In lower case.

3. (N) as in PA(N)O = stone, or as in GHA(N)A = many. This sound is produced by dangling the tongue in the mouth.

TH has 2 different sounds:

1.TH as in THO(D)A = few, or as in HATH = hand.

2.(TH) as in U(TH)O = get up, or as in A(TH)VA(D)IYUn = week This

sound is produced by the tongue touching upper gums.

DH has 2 different sounds:

1.DH as in DHARMIC = religious, or as in BADHA = every body.

2.(DH) as in (DH)OL = drum, or as in (DH)UN(DH)O = search for it. This

is produced by the tongue touching upper gums.

CH has 2 different sounds:

1.CH as in CHALO = let us go, or as in CHOR = thief.

2.CHH as in CHHOKRA = boys, or as tn CHHATRI = umbrella. This sound

like a sneeze.


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